Hormonal shifts throughout the menstrual cycle do more than affect mood and energy levels—they may also influence injury risk. For female athletes, these physiological changes could be linked to an increased susceptibility to soft tissue injuries, particularly around the hips. Let’s explore the science behind the menstrual cycle’s impact on hip injury risk.
How Hormones Affect Joint Stability
During a woman’s menstrual cycle, estrogen and relaxin levels fluctuate significantly. These hormones are known to affect connective tissue, including ligaments and tendons. Relaxin, for instance, can increase ligamentous laxity by breaking down collagen structure—this can make joints like the hip more prone to instability during high-impact activities.
For athletes, particularly those in sports that require running, pivoting, or jumping, even subtle changes in joint stability can increase the likelihood of labral tears, soft tissue strains, or overuse injuries in the hip region.
Increased Injury Risk During Ovulation
Recent research suggests that the ovulatory phase, when estrogen and luteinizing hormone peak, may be associated with greater ligament laxity. This can compromise neuromuscular control and balance—factors critical to preventing lower extremity injuries.
While much of the available data has focused on knee injuries like ACL tears, similar risk patterns may apply to the hip due to its structural and functional relationship to the pelvis and lower body mechanics. For example, compromised core and pelvic stability can contribute to increased stress on the acetabular labrum or hip flexors during intense training.
Why This Matters for Performance and Prevention
Understanding the timing and effects of the menstrual cycle is essential for optimizing training, performance, and injury prevention in female athletes. Coaches, athletic trainers, and orthopedic specialists are beginning to incorporate menstrual tracking as part of comprehensive sports medicine programs.
At the American Hip Institute, we recognize that sex-specific factors—including hormonal fluctuations—play a critical role in musculoskeletal health. Our commitment to evidence-based, personalized care ensures that female athletes receive treatment plans that align with their unique physiological needs.
What’s Next in Research and Care?
While current research is still evolving, future studies focusing specifically on hip biomechanics during the menstrual cycle are needed to establish more targeted prevention strategies. In the meantime, awareness, monitoring, and individualized recovery programs remain key.
If you’re a female athlete experiencing hip discomfort or instability, or you’re simply interested in protecting your long-term joint health, we encourage you to consult with the specialists at the American Hip Institute and learn how our team can help support your performance and orthopedic wellness through every phase of your athletic journey.
